Challenge 

Mitral valve regurgitation

Solution

Beating animal and human heart with IVC access, transseptal crossing, cut chords, valve flail, regurgitation, and physiological pressures

Challenge

Thrombosis and embolism

Solution

Natural animal/human and synthetic blood clots in beating hearts and perfused vessels

​

Challenge

Device delivery to brain

Solution

Perfusion from device access site to neural region in human/animal tissue

​

​

Challenge 

Delivery system entry through femoral artery/vein

Solution

Perfusion down to access site and up to beating heart in animal/human specimen or synthetic model

Challenge

Aortic arch with functioning aortic valve

Solution

Beating heart with either native or 3D printed aortic arch and descending aorta with and without calcification

Challenge

Procedure planning through imaging workflow

Solution

Determine appropriate ultrasound and fluoroscopy use throughout the procedure

for IFU creation